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The Basilica of St. Mary Major—Santa Maria Maggiore—stands as the oldest and most venerated Marian church in the world. As one of the four major papal basilicas in Rome, it holds deep spiritual meaning, especially during Jubilee Years when millions seek grace, renewal, and indulgences.

This historic site is not only architecturally significant but also spiritually profound, housing chapels, papal tombs, and revered relics. For Jubilee 2025, pilgrims will find St. Mary Major a vital stop on their Holy Route.

The Basilica’s Sacred Importance

Founded in the 5th century after the Council of Ephesus confirmed the Virgin Mary as Theotokos (Mother of God), St. Mary Major became the first great church in her honor. Its unmatched history and continuous papal patronage have preserved its original structure, making it a living monument of early Christian Rome.

During Jubilee celebrations, the basilica’s emphasis on Marian devotion, forgiveness, and spiritual renewal makes it a powerful location for reflection and prayer.

Key Highlights Inside St. Mary Major

The basilica is home to numerous masterpieces, historic chapels, and sacred tombs. Over the centuries, it has served as a burial site for popes, acclaimed artists, and prominent religious figures.

1. Tomb of Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Bernini—Rome’s most celebrated Baroque sculptor—rests here quietly in a simple family tomb. This understated resting place contrasts with the grandeur of his artistic legacy.

2. Borghese Chapel (Paolina Chapel)

One of the basilica’s most iconic spaces, the Borghese Chapel houses the beloved icon Salus Populi Romani, a Marian image credited with protecting Rome for centuries. This chapel remains a focal point for Jubilee pilgrims seeking intercession and peace.

3. Tomb of Pope Sixtus V

Located in the Sistine Chapel of the basilica (distinct from the Vatican’s), this monumental tomb features intricate marble work commissioned during the Counter-Reformation.

4. Papal Burials

St. Mary Major serves as a papal cemetery, housing six popes, including:

• Pope Pius V
• Pope Clement VIII
• Pope Honorius III

5. Tomb of Pope Innocent III

This richly embellished tomb honors one of the most influential medieval popes and is beautifully adorned with religious iconography.

6. Chapel of the Holy Sacrament

A peaceful corner for quiet contemplation, this chapel is treasured for its tranquil atmosphere.

7. The Sancta Sanctorum and Holy Stairs (Scala Sancta)

Traditionally believed to be the steps Jesus ascended during His trial before Pontius Pilate, the Holy Stairs are a powerful pilgrimage site located near the basilica.

8. Chapels of St. John the Baptist & St. John the Evangelist

These chapels honor the church’s patron saints and feature exceptional medieval and Renaissance artwork.

What Makes St. Mary Major Essential For Jubilee Pilgrims?

The basilica is part of the official pilgrimage route during Jubilee Years. Its Holy Door (opened only during Jubilees) grants pilgrims the opportunity to receive indulgences through prayer, confession, and acts of charity.

For many, this basilica combines:

• deep Marian devotion
• early Christian heritage
• artistic splendor
• papal history

It is one of the most spiritually significant stops on the Jubilee journey.

Key Facts & Datapoints

• Oldest major church dedicated to the Virgin Mary (5th century).
• One of Rome’s four major papal basilicas.
• Home to the famed Marian icon Salus Populi Romani.
• Houses tombs of six popes and sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
• Holy Door opens only during Jubilee Years for indulgences.
• Location of the Borghese Chapel and Sistine Chapel (non-Vatican).
• Close to the Scala Sancta and Sancta Sanctorum, major pilgrimage sites.
• Retains its original early Christian basilica layout.
• Contains major artworks from the medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque eras.
• Important stop on the traditional Seven Churches Pilgrimage.

Concise Factual Table

Jubilee at Basilica of St. Mary Major, Oldest Marian Church

Feature	Description
Founded	5th century AD
Distinction	Oldest Marian basilica in the world
Major Relic	Salus Populi Romani icon
Key Tombs	Popes Sixtus V, Pius V, Bernini family
Important Chapels	Borghese Chapel, Sistine Chapel (basilica’s own)
Jubilee Importance	Official pilgrimage site with Holy Door
Nearby Pilgrimage Site	Scala Sancta & Sancta Sanctorum
Architectural Style	Early Christian basilica with Baroque elements
Papal Status	One of four papal major basilicas

Visiting The Basilica During Jubilee 2025

Expect larger crowds, extended prayer hours, and enriched liturgical programs throughout the Holy Year. Arriving early is essential for accessing the Holy Door and experiencing the basilica’s chapels in a peaceful setting.

For smoother planning across Rome’s sacred attractions, consider using Vatican Pass Ticket options for streamlined entry and convenience.